Everything about The Fort Hall Indian Reservation totally explained
The
Fort Hall Indian Reservation is an
Indian reservation of the
Shoshoni and
Bannock people in the
U.S. state of
Idaho. It is located in southeastern Idaho on the
Snake River Plain north of
Pocatello, and comprises 2,110.514 km² (814.874 sq mi) of land area in four counties:
Bingham,
Power,
Bannock, and
Caribou counties. Founded in
1863, it's named for
Fort Hall, a trading post that was an important stop along the
Oregon Trail and
California Trail in the middle
19th century. The ruins of the fort are located on the reservation. The community of
Fort Hall, along
Interstate 15, is the largest population center on the reservation. The total population of the reservation was 5,762 at the
2000 census.
History
The reservation was established by an agreement between the United States and the Shoshone and Bannock tribes in the wake of the
Bear River Massacre, in which the
United States Army under Colonel
Patrick Edward Connor slaughtered over 200
Native Americans in present-day southeastern Idaho. The massacre was the culmination of a long struggle between the Shoshone and U.S settlers, which included numerous attacks by both sides. The Shoshone, led by
Chief Pocatello, were motivated to attack emigrant parties in part because of the despoliation of natural resources in the region by the increasing tide of settlers. The
Mormons, led by
Brigham Young, had subsequently pursued a policy of reconciliation with the Shoshone, but the arrival of the U.S. Army into the
Utah Territory in
1858 led to a full-scale conflict between the U.S. and the Shoshone. Connor led his troops from
Fort Douglas in January 1863 in order to "chastise" the Shoshone. Pocatello was able to receive advance warning of Connor's advance and led his people out of harm's way. He subsequently sued for peace and agreed to relocate his people to the newly-established reservation along the
Snake River. The U.S. government agreed to supply the Shoshone annually with 5,000 dollars in goods.
The reservation, located on the open plains, wasn't especially amenable to
agriculture, and the U.S. government didn't always fulfill its obligation of payment of goods. In the years following their relocation, the Shoshoni suffered from disease and hunger. Hoping to relieve his people's suffering, Pocatello led them to a
missionary farm in the Utah Territory to receive mass
baptism and conversion to
Mormonism. Although the Shoshoni received baptism, the local population of settlers agitated for their removal. In response, the U.S. Army forced the Shoshoni back onto the reservation.
The main agriculture on the reservation today is the cultivation of
wheat and
potatoes. The reservation has recently become the site of a
casino,
The Fort Hall Casino
, operated by the Shoshone-Bannock tribes along Interstate 15, exit 80, north of Pocatello.
Communities
Further Information
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